This special issue of Cultures
and Development is dedicated to the outcome of a Network
Cultures' book project entitled “intertwining :
Women' s Ways of Shaping their Realities”. The aim of the
book project was to make explicit the diversity and complexity of
women' s perceptions and reactions to their own life-worlds in
their own words.
Fifteen women of various age-groups, from
different cultural, religious, social and geographical backgrounds,
were asked to write about the lives of their grandmother, their mother,
themselves and their daughters (or, if this was impossible, other women
of those generations close to the family). These life narratives served
to prepare an encounter at which the authors came together to share
their perceptions of the currents and undercurrents of the narratives.
According to the comments of those invited to take part, the main
stimulus to participate in this rather demanding process was precisely
the request to write this four-generations story. In their professional
contexts none of these women had ever been asked to write about her own
life or about the lives of her close family. The act of doing so had an
influence, in different ways, on the relationships themselves. It
compelled the participants to try to look at the mother'' or
grandmother'' own perception of her life. It gave rise to
discussions between grandmothers, mothers and daughters about their
respective appreciation of their own and the other' s life –
discussions which, in some cases, had never taken place before.
The narratives span a great variety of contexts. They tell
the stories of fifty-four women in Asia, Africa, Latin America and
Europe, covering a period of more than a hundred years.
The insights gained from the analysis
strengthen the motivation for the theme in the sense that they confirm
the need for a nuanced and specific approach to women's perceptions and
ways of shaping their realities. The narratives illustrate the changing
meaning of 'place' in women's lives over time and across space. They
have a strong de-stereotyping effect. They move beyond traditional
feminist concerns and North South divides. They highlight women's own
implicit ways, in day-to-day dealings with their lives, of disregarding
the dominant tendency to define realities in terms of dichotomies.
These ways intertwine rather than separate seemingly opposite elements.
And -last but not least- the analysis makes one aware of misleading
similarities created by the use of dominant languages in intercultural
relations. (…)
Feminist thinking and acting, outspoken as it
was, may have created the impression of dealing with one universal
problem of submission to patriarchal models of society, and of working
on global, uniform strategies to empower women. However, a closer look
at the emphases placed on the various aspects of the issue shows not
only different waves in feminist thinking but also its inherent
heterogenity. We cannot speak of one feminism. There exists a variety
of feminisms, each with its own angles and foci.
At different times and at different
places, one finds varying degrees of emphasis on such issues as women's
rights in society, emancipatory politics and life politics. Many
feminists focus particularly on gender equality and equal access to
decision-making, or on the `relations of ruling'. Some, especially
those from the Southern hemisphere, feel that feminists should not be
too preoccupied with sexuality. They challenge the hierarchies within
the global feminist sphere and denounce western feminist writing as
`colonial discourse' on `the third world woman', thus ignoring
differences. At the same time there are many Northern feminisms which
acknowledge or advocate plurality. Sometimes they go even further by
challenging the whole category of `woman' as too fixed and too
dichotomized, whilst life in fact is much more fluid. For some within
this heterogeneous feminist movement explicit political action through
a well-organized movement is the main focus. For others, it is not even
on the agenda.
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